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The lovely town of Banská Štiavnica is located in a caldera formed by a huge extinct volcano. Essentially, a mining town created to exploit the reserves of silver and gold in the region. Over the years the local mines were in the forefront of mining technology. In the 16th century strong fortifications and castles were built to defend against invaders. The historical medieval centre of the town is so well preserved it has gained World Heritage status and the atmospheric streets now welcome arts and crafts festivals and the surrounding forests are perfect for walking and cycling.